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The International Conference on Cold Fusion (ICCF) (also referred to as Annual Conference on Cold Fusion in 1990-1991 and mostly International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science since 2007) is an annual or biennial conference on the topic of cold fusion. An international conference on cold fusion was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico US in 1989. However, the first ICCF conference (ICCF1) took place in 1990 in Salt Lake City, Utah, under the title "First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion".〔 See especially pages 68 and 73.〕〔 (archived version also available (here )). This is a published exchange of snail-mails and e-mails between Ludwik Kowalski, professor emeritus of Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, and Dr. R. J. Anderson, the Director of the Niels Bohr Library, Center of History of Physics of the American Institute of Physics, Maryland, as well as Spencer R. Weart, the Center's director, who notably wrote :"the conference proceedings would be a fine addition to the collections of our Niels Bohr Library."〕 Its location has since rotated between Russia, US, Europe, and Asia. It was held in India for the first time in 2011. The conferences have been criticized as events which attract "crackpots" and "pseudo-scientists".〔 However, preserving the conference documents has been said, in 2004, to be a task worth supporting, because the documents "reflect evolution of a unique scientific controversy," especially for historians of science.〔 ==Reception== The First Annual Conference on Cold Fusion was held in March 1990 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Robert L. Park of the American Physical Society derisively referred to it as a "seance of true believers."〔Regarding the "true believers" quote, see also an 1990 interview of Robert L. Park: 〕 The conference was attended by more than 200 researchers from the United States, Italy, Japan, India and Taiwan and dozens of reporters from all over the U.S. and abroad. The Third International Conference on Cold Fusion was held in 1992 in Nagoya, Japan. It was described by ''The New York Times'', "depending on one's point of view" as "either a turning point in which evidence was presented that will convince the skeptics that cold fusion exists or a religious revival where claims of miracles were lapped up by ardent believers." The conference was sponsored by seven Japanese scientific societies, it was attended by 200 Japanese scientists and more than 100 from abroad. Tomohiro Taniguchi, then director of the Electric Power Technology Division at Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry, reportedly said that the Ministry of International Trade and Industry was willing to finance research in the field in view of "encouraging evidence, especially after the conference."〔 The conference was also covered by the Associated Press. A journalist for the ''Wired'' magazine attended the 1998 conference in Vancouver—apparently the only mainstream journalist who attended—and reported that he found there "about 200 extremely conventional-looking scientists, almost all of them male and over 50" with some apparently over 70. He then inferred that "() younger ones had bailed years ago, fearing career damage from the cold fusion stigma." He reported seeing "highly technical presentations" and "was amazed by the quantity of the work, its quality, and the credentials of the people pursuing it", whereas "() few obvious pseudoscientists, promoting their ideas in an adjoining room used for poster sessions, were politely ignored." By 1999, attendance by researchers at the ICCF meetings drew comment from the field of science studies. The legitimacy of the cold fusion debate had ended in 1990 – but attendance at the ICCF meetings for the next 8 years had been relatively stable at between 100 and 300. Sociologist Bart Simon of Concordia University described the state of the field as "undead", and considered that the conference evidenced that "as far as normal science is concerned, (fusion ) is of interest to crackpots, pseudo-scientists, frauds and a few sociologists of science".〔 David Goodstein has written that although an ICCF event had "all the trappings of a normal scientific meeting", it was in fact "no normal scientific conference" since "cold fusion was a pariah field, cast out by the scientific establishment". It was an environment – he added – "...in which crackpots flourished, and this made matters worse for those who were at least willing to entertain the notion that there might have been some serious science going on." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「International Conference on Cold Fusion」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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